International HR Management in Australia and India Case Study

International HR Management in Australia and India - Case Study Example Startup IT Company, which has recently established a subsidiary in India (New Delhi), has various options that can be followed to attract candidates for the different job position both internally and externally. Accordingly, the company is looking forward to attract candidates for different job positions listed as five senior executive, fifteen line managers, supervisors for two call centers, thirty staffs divided in to two groups for dealing with customers and suppliers and fifty assembled line workers. It is to be noted that the senior managers will be recruited from Australia while other professionals can be recruited from India. Accordingly, each job position has specified job description which shall facilitate in executing the recruitment and selection process more effectively. In order to ensure that right person is placed for the right job position, the company has the two major options of internal and external workforce for imbibing considerable talent within the organization . Additionally, internal and external recruitment processes shall provide the company with the opportunity to meet its needs for recruiting and selecting potential talents inconsistent with the job description and specification. One of the most suitable options available with Startup IT Company for targeting potential candidates can be related with its internal recruitment prospects facilitated with skilled labor force. It is worth mentioning that targeting candidates internally poses significant benefits. to the company. Responsively, the company will be able to save considerable amount of finance if the company follows internal recruiting. In addition to finance, the company will also be able to save considerable amount of time generating greater employee satisfaction and morale (Briggs, 2007). Some of the basic tools that the company can use for targeting candidates have been illustrated as follows. Promotions and Transfer It is worth mentioning that promotion and transfer is a vital tool for recruiting candidates internally. Contextually, Startup IT Company can take promotion and transfer as an important tool for recruiting candidates internally. The company can promote managers as senior executive on the basis of their capability and the past performances. It can also have the option to transfer managers from hone country i.e. Australia to India in order to assign them with the task of a senior executive (Ferner & et. al., 2005). Employee Referrals Employee referrals can be regarded as another important tool available to Startup IT Company to fill the vacant positions. The organization can recruit staffs on the basis of

Fuel Poverty in Scotland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fuel Poverty in Scotland - Essay Example According to â€Å"High Level Summary†, fuel poverty refers to a situation where persons spend over 10% of their personal income on household fuel to maintain a heating regime that is satisfactory. On the other hand, Moore defines fuel poverty as a situation where a person’s energy costs are more than average and when he/she spends such an amount, he/she is left with an income that is less than the official poverty line. That notwithstanding, the Warm Homes and Energy Conservation Act 2000 in the UK defines fuel poverty as when, â€Å"a person is to be regarded as living in fuel poverty if he is a member of a household living on a lower income in a home that cannot be kept warm at reasonable cost†. However, it is imperative to note that the term fuel poverty was initially a common phrase in the United Kingdom but currently the concept has found its way globally wherever there is poverty.A survey on Scottish house conditions 2012 revealed that over 27.1 % of house holds in Scotland spent over 10% of their personal incomes on energy, resulting in a situation of fuel poverty. Some of the indicators that have been found to cause fuel poverty in Scotland include:The prices of fuel in Scotland keep on fluctuating from time to time resulting in people falling in and out of poverty. For example, high consumer prices for fuel such as electricity resulting from aggravated higher tariffs increase the cost of fuel causing high levels of fuel poverty

Abolition Movement Essay Example for Free

Abolition Movement Essay Nineteenth century America bore a perplexing set of movements. Most of which aimed largely to reform American society. At this era, America is redefining her identity. Such was a significant time for reformation movement to peak. The Temperance Movement, religious â€Å"Second Great Awakening† and Womens Rights Movement are along some of the major efforts attempted to improve the nation and its people. Most important of all, the Abolition Movement, which the very foundation of freedom in America was redefined. The American abolition movement emerged in the early 1830s as the by-product of â€Å"Second Great Awakening. †[1] Revivalistic tenets led the abolitionist to view slavery as a product of personal sin. They demand emancipation as the price of repentance.[2] This religious revival resulted to thousands of conversions to evangelical religions.[3] Slavery was one of the issues in America which most people sought to end. As early as 1688, the Society of Friends, also known as Quakers, took a public stand against slavery.[4] Even though most quakers own slaves when they first came to America. William Buriling, Ralph Sandiford, Benhamin Lay, John Woolman and Anthony Benezet were among the societys members who largely determined their policy. These people were the salient figures who primarily opposed slavery within the society. By late 1700s and 1800s, the Society of Friends declared their protest against slavery. Quakers opposed it on religious grounds. Others contended that slave owners violated the very principles that the Founding Fathers and the Declaration of Independence had established in 1776. Many religious figures had largely contributed to Americas history of slavery. One was Lyman Beecher, one of the countrys prominent nineteenth- century clergymen and a revivalist of Second Great Awakening.[5] Students of the school where Beecher became pastor, debated the issue on slavery and preferred to adopt abolitionism, which the board of the school opposed. In protest many students including Theodore Weld left the school.[6] Religion had intruded on slavery issues even during the establishment of Quakers. It is often said that this group have influence beyond their numbers. Through their social class and background, Quakers have shared an important role in forming Americas history as well as the society. In 1833, the American Anti-Slavery Society was established by William Lloyd Garisson[7] with fellow abolitionists Arthur Tappan, Lewis Tappan, and Theodore Dwight Weld. It attracted a crowd with lecturing agents, petition drives and a wide variety of printed materials, condemning slavery on moral grounds. The organization sent lecturers about the brutality of slavery across the North, including Ohio. Unfortunately, abolitionists appeal of emancipation were rejected by higher institutions as well as individual slave-owners. Some important figures in the emancipation in America were blacks, themselves. Most prominent black during the period started their journey from the oppression of slavery of the Southern states toward more desirable freedom enjoyed at Northern states. In this freedom, they did not grow complacent while their people and family still suffer from inflictions of the institution of slavery. The most famous of this divine ordeal was that of Harriet Tubman. Harriet Tubman[8] was a slave from Maryland. She suffered all her life from seizures, headaches and hypersomia having had knocked in the head with a heavy iron weight by a slave owner. In 1894 she escaped to Philadelphia where she met with William Still, the Philadelphia stationmaster on the underground railroad. Still, along with the Philadelphia Anti-slavery Society, enlightened Tubman of the workings of the underground railway. Eventually, she became a conductor for the underground railway. Dubbed as the â€Å"Moses of her people†, she helped provide safety and salvation to an approximately 300 slaves. She worked various jobs in order to finance her actives as a conductor. During the Civil War, she served as a soldier, spy and a nurse for the Union. Another women of considerable existence was Soujorner Truth. Truth had been born a slave from Ulster County, New York at a time wherein the state still permits slaves. The anti-slavery law of 1827 freed her from bondage. Her freedom prompt her to be an active abolitionist and a womans rights advocate. Truth became one of the most famous orator of her day. Her passion came from her desire to abolish slavery and help her fellow black. Her speeches against the evils of slavery â€Å"shamed many people who were apathetic and passive†. She also fights for women suffrage. Her speech, â€Å"Aint I, a Woman?†[9] was her legacy. The speech were made at 1851 Convention on Womans Rights after a clergyman remark women as â€Å"too weak and helpless†. Another individual of which probably had the greatest impact for the cause, was Frederick Douglass. Douglass was probably the most important black figure in the abolition of slavery. His accomplishment had impact America on a political scale. His reputation was in an international level. Douglass was born a slave in Maryland. He escaped from bondage and went to New Bedford with the help of a black navy named Ruggles. Although blacks are free in the city of New Bedford, it isnt a paradise. Douglas observed the discrimination throughout the city.   He subscribed to an abolitionist paper the Liberator by William Lloyd Garrison. Through the Liberator, Douglass were introduced to abolitionist movements. Garrison eventually became his personal hero.   Later he became a member of American Anti-Slavery Society. On August of 1841, an abolitionist meeting took place at New Bedford. Garrison saw Douglass, and he eventually recognized the potential. Douglass became an agent for Garrison. He became a traveling lecturer â€Å"touring the Northern states to talk about his life and sell subscriptions to the Liberator†. The young Douglass â€Å"told stories of brutal beatings of slave owners to women, children and the elderly†. He told the story on how he broke the slave breaker Edward Covey[10]. He scorned clergyman â€Å"who warned slaves that they would be offending God if they disobeyed their masters†. He speaks of evil of masters breeding their female slaves. He grew in skill within his trade that people began doubting his credibility. â€Å"How can such a slave have such a commanding master of words?† they told themselves. This provoked Douglass into revealing his true identity through the disclosure of personal details. He published an autobiography entitled â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave† against the protest of his mentor Garisson and some co-abolitionists. The theme of the narrative is about moral force. â€Å"It is a story of triumph and dignity, courage and self-reliance over the evils of brutal, degrading slave system†. The narrative connotes the existing corruption in the human spirit that â€Å"robs both the master and slave of their freedom†. The book became popular in the North as well as in Europe. However, the Federal Law on fugitive slave threatened his freedom. The Law gave Thomas Auld the right to seize his property. The threat prompted his tour in London where he was later joined by Garisson and other abolitionist. August of 1846 at World Temperance Convention in London, Douglass attacked the American Temperance Movement. He felt that temperance activist were hostile to free blacks. Emancipation in Britain is still fresh among its people. In that regard Douglass felt little racial prejudice among the British. He carved connection among British and Europeans who were compassionate for the cause.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tour â€Å"aroused goodwill for the abolitionist cause in the British Isle†. The success in Britain had propelled his reputation to an international level. Douglass established friends and supporters in Britain. In fact, it was his British friends who paid[11] the price of Douglass freedom in America. With his renewed freedom he went to Rochester, New York to settle. The town had reputation of being pro-abolition. The women were also active in fighting for their rights. In here, he established a new anti-slavery publication, named North Star, which was not supported by Garisson. With the North Star he no longer have to cling with white abolitionist group of   Garisson. The widening connection of Douglass open his mind to the political aspects of his cause. He began to question the Garissonian views. For Garisson, â€Å"abolishing slavery through violence is wrong†. Garisson believed he could convince the slave owners into giving up their slaves thus setting them free. A white militant named John Brown[12] helped convince Douglass that â€Å"pacifist means could not by themselves bring an end to slavery.† Douglass believed that the North would never abolish slavery if it could cause the break up of the Union and collapse of the Constitution. â€Å" He therefore decided that slavery would have to be ended through political reforms†. Tension began to rise when Douglass urged North Star reader to be politically active and be involved. The change in principle created factions within the abolitionist circle. He, however, did not allow such disputes to affect what he aspired to do. Douglass became one of the most prominent and respected black of his time. His actions and success boosted the confidence of the black abolitionist. He tried to establish a black vocational school. Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Toms Cabin helped to raise the fund. Furthermore, his Rochester home became the most important station on the underground railroad. He became the superintendent of the entire system in his area. The information regarding the evils of slavery are readily available due to hard work and perseverance of Frederick Douglas and William Lloyd Garrison[13]. However, the popularity of these informations are confined within the anti-slavery circle. In line with this, a fictional novel of abolitionist nature was published entitled Uncle Toms Cabin. The author was Harriet Beecher Stowe, an alleged daughter of Lyman Beecher. Uncle Toms Cabin had been published by weekly installment in the National Era from summer of 1851 to spring of 1852. Nevertheless, its popularity was still within the abolitionist circle. Its popularity gained when the novel was published in full in 1852. Uncle Toms Cabin became the best selling fiction of its time. It is considered by many, as one of the most influential American works of fiction ever published. The fiction had made an impact on Americas inner inquiry and realization of identity and of morality.[14] The success of the novel were founded on Stowes humanization of the slaves. The fiction places the reader in frontal view of the barbarity and â€Å"inhuman disintegration of families† which existed in the slavery system. Mothers were portrayed in their most desolate state when their masters sell their babies to a slave trader. The fiction appeal to the Christian soul as Stowe embodied Christ to Uncle Tom which is a black dutiful, loyal and a forgiving slave. The works of fiction â€Å"arouse the antislavery sentiment in the North and provoke angry rebuttals in the South†. Oppositions of views paved the way to devisions. Slavery was no longer a problem of the south and it concerns the whole nation as a whole. The culmination of all these events leads to a bloody battle between the Union and the Confederate slave states. The Union was fighting for a unified nation. The Confederates, on the other hand, wants to separate from the Union in order to secure their rights to own slaves. This disparity brought America to Civil War from 1861 to 1865. It was this reason why Abraham has been quoted saying to Stowe â€Å"So this is the little lady who started this war.† The status of the South as an agricultural states contributed much to their dependencies on slaves. Slaves were utilized for their manual work on the fields and plantations. In contrast, the North are already being industrialized. Their production was dependent on factories and machineries. It was the bloodiest battle that took place in American soil. The Confederate eventually succumb to the much equip forces of the Union. It was very devastating era that Americans have gone through in order to bring about change which redefined freedom in their constitution. Emancipation of all slaves was decreed to slaves states after the Civil War The abolitionists had their victory through information dissemination. Victory was achieved through rallying speeches that awakened compassion and goodwill of humanity. The rallying cries of the oppressed accused passivity a crime. They have pressured those who claimed to be free to guard and fight for freedom. On the night of the proclamation, Douglass was quoted as saying â€Å"We were waiting and listening as for a bolt from the skywe were watchingby the dim light of the stars for the dawn of a new daywe were longing for the answer to the agonizing prayers of centuries.†[15] WORKS CITED Scott, Donald. â€Å" Evangelicalism, Revivalism and the Second Great Awakening.† TeacherServe from the National Humanities Center. October 2000. Queens College. 18 April 2009. http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nineteen/nkeyinfo/nevanrev.htm McKivigan, John. â€Å"A Brief History of the American Abolitionist Movement.† American Abolitionism. n.d. Indianapolis. 18 April 2009. http://americanabolitionist.liberalarts.iupui.edu/brief.htm â€Å"The Second Great Awakening and the Age of Reform.† Teach US History. 19 April 2009. http://www.religioustolerance.org/quaker1.htm William L. Garrison. Ohio History Central. 1 July 2005. A product of the Ohio Historical Society. 18 April 2009 http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=167 Robinson, B.A. â€Å"Religious Society of Friends (Quakers): Quaker History†. Religious Tolerance. 7 February 2006. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. 19 April 2009. http://www.religioustolerance.org/quaker1.htm Woodson, C.G. â€Å"Anthony Benezet.† Classics on American Slavery. 25 March 2003. Dinsmore Documentation. 19 April 2009. http://www.dinsdoc.com/woodson-3.htm Abolitionist. Ohio History Central. 1 July 2005. A product of the Ohio Historical Society. 19 April 2009 http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=569 Sassi, Jonathan. â€Å"Great Questions of National Morality.† Common Place. 9. 1. ( October 2008): 19 pars. 19 April 2009. http://www.common-place.org/vol-09/no-01/sassi/ â€Å"Lyman Beecher.† Ohio History Central. 1 July 2005. A product of the Ohio Historical Society. 19 April 2009 http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=53 â€Å"Theodore Dwight Weld (1803-1895).† Forever Free.The Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County. 19 April 2009. http://www.cincinnatilibrary.org/foreverfree/theodoreweld.html The Effect of Uncle Toms Cabin. 123HelpMe.com. 18 Apr 2009 http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=16788 Thomas, Sandra. Frederick Douglass:Abolitionist/Editor 19 April 2009. http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/douglass/home.html#contents The Life of Harriet Tubman. New York History Net. 20 February 2008. 19 April 2009 http://www.nyhistory.com/harriettubman/life.htm.

How to Have a Good Golf Game

How to Have a Good Golf Game Golf is much more than just hitting the ball, finding it and hitting it again. It is a constant learning process with unforgettable experiences. Golf offers you independence, but ultimately it always comes down to how well you know your limitations and the confidence you have in your ability. You must have the heart and head to play and the courage to accept the consequences. There are no shortcuts. Although there are many factors that contribute to success, golf requires patience and practice, as there is no comfort zone. Patience and practice pay off. Golf is a never-ending journey full of learning and discovery. Golf is a tough sport. You are going to need to work on and try to perfect your technical skills. To become a professional golfer, you can start at any age. As long as you have passion to play the game, you can fulfill your dreams (Wright 4). The good news is that anyone has a shot at becoming a pro golfer. The bad news is that the game is extremely difficult to play at a professional level and the competition is fierce. To become a professional golfer requires putting in hours of practice. A young golfer should start playing on various local courses on a regular basis. One needs to take golf lessons and a have a teacher analyze their form and give them pointers for improvement. According to Wright a lot of players accept the idea that they will have good days and bad days on the greens and therefore dont work at it. In fact, study and practice produces results (*). There is, and always will be, room for improvement. You also need to develop the appropriate mental and physical traits (10). You must practice the game every day and devote a lot of time to it. The golf swing will always be a work in progress regardless of how good it is. The goal is to be your best every day. Once you start feeling confident in your golf game, it is time to get out there and compete. To further your golf game, you should consider going to a golf school. If you are in high school, see if there is a school golf team or club to join. To see how you stack up against the competition, you can enter amateur events. Check with your local golf courses for more information about amateur events coming to your area (Keough42). In amateur events, you can play against other golf amateurs. By doing well in some amateur events, that can give you the needed confidence to take your dreams to the next level. The first steps towards playing against the pros are beating fellow amateurs (44). Start by playing tournaments at your local golf courses, then state and national junior events. Success in those events leads to recognition for college scholarships, and so can good high school golf credentials be a very important factor. Of all the many factors opening the door to golf, college golf is a terrific developmental ground. Robert, Bell, a student at the University of Minnesota, started his college golf career with this Division I School. After visiting the campus and seeing the training facilities, I found that they had the program to best fit my needs. It can have an enormous impact on a golfers career since you do not have to pay to play golf, and you do not have to pay for lessons at the driving range. You also get regular practice time with your team, access to weight training and the opportunity to compete at a high level. Many professional golfers matured at the college level, on their schools dime. Even Tiger spent two years at Stanford (Elling 15). If you do not play college golf, you can still refine your skills at the amateur level and prepare to turn professional. The technical skills are important to making it on the PGA, but what separates the best is the mental side of the game (Green 21). I f you are a golfer who loves the challenge and has the ability for making big shots in tournament play, you might have the tools to make it. If you play this game long enough, eventually you will face some challenges. It is how you handle those challenges that will define who you are as a competitor. One of the biggest things to do is when you feel you are well above and beyond your amateur competition, is to go to Qualifying School. When starting out on a career to become a professional golfer, every golfers dream of success. The vision may be clear, but without a plan it is just a dream. Becoming a PGA Tour Golfer does not necessarily required going to college of winning past tournaments. What you must do however is qualify. Each year there is what is called Qualifying School that covers six grueling rounds of tournament style golf where only a small number of players make it to the tour (Duunbar 19). Anyone can go for it, but it is extremely difficult. According to Dunbar The only other way to qualify for the tour without going to Qualifying School is through special exemptions (21). Each tournament has a committee that set aside a few special exemptions for players they would like to attend their tournament. One final avenue to becoming a professional PGA golfer is known as t he Club Professional. Each course around the country has a resident Professional. Gaining membership to this section of the PGA is done through apprentice program. A golfer must work under an established golf professional. Over time, and after fulfilling certain requirements, a player is recognized as a Golf Professional as well. Qualifying School is held every year by the PGA Tour and allows amateurs to compete for a post on the pro tour (25). When you continue to have success against top amateurs, this gives you the opportunity to explore your professional options. At this point, finding sponsorship support becomes very important, because breaking into professional golf is very expensive. When you feel ready to take your game to the professional level, you should begin the process of getting your PGA Tour card. Once you register with the PGA Tour and pay the registration fee, you begin the qualifying process. About 1% of the people who register for a PGA Tour card get a card each year (Forsyth 39). It is a long and difficult process. You have to finish at the top of various events over the course of months. Mr. Forsyth points out that, it takes most people multiple attempts, if ever, to get onto the PGGA tour (41). Even after obtaining your PGA Tour card there is no guarantee you will remain on the tour. Each year requires you to play well enough to keep your PGA Tour card. There are various ways to retain your card, such as being in the top 120 players or finishing in the top ten in a major (42). One of the major rewards of the game is that ev ery round begins with a new scorecard. Every time you walk onto the course, you play with the thought that this is your day to be the champion. With all the benefits of this career, it is clear why professional golfers say, Play golf for a living and never work a day in your life. (44). Golf is one of the few professional sports where you can control your own future. Even if there are no educational requirements, it would still be best if you finish a degree in college so that you have some sort of back up if you do not make it on the tour. To be a Golf Professional will surely take a lot of hard work. Some golfers believe that you must have some sort of natural talent to have chance of becoming a pro. In a book called The Golfers Mind Dr. Bob Rotella states, if becoming an expert means joining the PGA Tour then it is believed that a very minute percentage of us will actually make it, no matter how many hours it is. This side of the issue believes that while most PGA pros have spent the better part of their lives playing golf, they still possess an underlying talent that separates them from the rest of the pack. For every guy on tour there are probably 50 guys that did the same thing growing up but did not have the talent to take it to the next level (Sotzek 112). According to Sotzek, it comes down to the fact that talent by itself can be wasted without practice, work ethic, and desire, but at the same time desire, practice, and work ethic are all pretty useless without some natural talent (114). While most professional athletes have a great work ethic, it is still their natural ta lent that gets them to the top of their game. The opposing views of the natural talent argument by Dr. Bob Rotella states that is an excuse for those that lack drive, motivation, mental fortitude, dedication and the ability to sacrifice. All of these things can be learned and for many professional athletes are learned at an early age so it appears to be natural ability (27). If you read any story about a top golfer, you will realize that they spent the majority of their life practicing their skills because they thrive on competition. That is the sacrifice you have to make. So after all is said, both sides of this argument agree on is that golf is a game that cannot be mastered. Most golfers continue to play because of the love of a challenge. Playing great golf is much more than developing solid fundamentals and sound technique. It is about keeping all things perspective. A lot of players accept that idea that they will have good days and bad days on the golf course and therefore they do not work at it. In fact, study and practice produces results. The golf swing will always be a work in progress regardless of how good you are. The goal is to have a swing that is sound and works with every club in your set and holds up under pressure. The true essence of golf is capitalizing on opportunities and minimizing mistakes. It is a thinking mans game t o a great degree. Every shot is your responsibility. As long as you have the passion for the game, you can fulfill your dreams. Dreams do come true. If you do become a professional golfer, you will have a chance to earn big money and at the same time, play the sport you really love. If you do not like to work inside and if you love the outdoors, you will surely enjoy this kind of p rofession. Often times, you will also be traveling from one place to another together with your competitors sand so you can also gain many friends. Many young golfers set their hearts on playing on tour, but plenty of other opportunities exist in professional golf far beyond the golf course. PGA professionals are top class players but are also experts in other areas of the golf industry form running golf courses, to coaching and teaching. Becoming a professional golfer is a full-time job that requires commitment and love for the game. A golfer can become mentally tougher by learning from past experiences, because the game is a constant learning process. The approach to achieving a golf goal is to formulate a game plan and proceed systematically. Along the way, there is a need to assess and reassess strengths and weaknesses honestly. It takes time and effort to pursue a career on the PGA Tour, but the end result will be worth it.

Maya Angelou :: essays research papers

when Maya Angelou was a young woman -- "in the crisp days of my youth," she says -- she carried with her a secret conviction that she wouldn't live past the age of 28. Raped by her mother's boyfriend at 8 and a mother herself since she graduated from high school, she supported herself and her son, Guy, through a series of careers and buoyed by an implacable ambition to escape what might have been a half-lived, ground-down life of poverty and despair. "For it is hateful to be young, bright, ambitious and poor," Angelou observes. "The added insult is to be aware of one's poverty." In "Even the Stars Look Lonesome," her new collection of reflective autobiographical essays, Angelou gives no further explanation for her "profound belief" that she would die young. "I was thirty-six before I realized that I had lived years beyond my deadline and needed to revise my thinking about an early death," she recalls. "With that realization life waxed sweeter. Old acquaintances became friendships, and new clever acquaintances showed themselves more interesting. Old loves burdened with memories of disappointments and betrayals packed up and left town, leaving no forwarding address, and new loves came calling." Now 69, Angelou is the nearest thing America has to a sacred institution, a high priestess of culture and love in the tradition of such distaff luminaries (all of them, hitherto, white) as Isadora Duncan and Pearl S. Buck, with a bit of Eleanor Roosevelt and Aimà ©e Semple MacPherson thrown into the mix. "She was born poor and powerless in a land where/power is money and money is adored," the poet Angelou writes in tribute to another astonishing black woman of our time, Oprah Winfrey. "Born black in a land where might is white/and white is adored./Born female in a land where decisions are masculine/and masculinity controls." Angelou's lifelong effort to escape and expose the "national, racial and historical hallucinations" that have burdened black women in America and replace them with a shining exemplar of power, achievement and generosity of spirit is as miraculous as she says it is, even if one suspects that in "real life" Angelou must be a little hard to take. "I would have my ears filled with the world's music," she writes, "the grunts of hewers of wood, the cackle of old folks sitting in the last sunlight and the whir of busy bees in the early morning .

Pump Characteristics :: essays papers

Pump Characteristics INTRODUCTION In industry, the performance specifications for a particular pump may be known, but the tests are usually based on water as the pumping medium. For liquids of significantly higher viscosity than water, these performance curves may only be accurate at certain flow rates, or they might not be valid at all, and it might be necessary to recalibrate the specifications for higher viscosity liquids. The purpose of this experiment is to examine the performance and characteristics of a centrifugal pump, its motor, and the corresponding piping system, used to pump an ethylene glycol solution. The pump used in this experiment has a performance curve based on water, so pump performance curves, as well as motor performance curves, will be developed over a wide range of flow rates to determine the effect that the liquid viscosity and density have on the performance of this pump. Also, the pressure drop of the piping system will be examined to determine the extent of, if any, fouling in the pipes. OBJECTIVES Â · Develop pump performance curves over a wide range of flow rates. This involves relating total head, horsepower input, efficiency, and NPSH as a function of pumping capacity (in gpm), similar to Figure 3-36A (Lab Manual). Â · Develop motor performance curves over a wide range of flow rates. This involves relating the current supplied to the motor, motor shaft rotational speed, motor efficiency, and the power factor as a function of the load of the motor, similar to the figure on page 21 of the Lab Manual. Â · Develop the friction factor chart for the piping system. This chart shows the relationship between the fanning friction factor and the Reynolds number over a wide range of flow rates, from which the roughness parameter (e/D) for the piping system can be estimated. Â · Determine the optimal flow rate delivered by the pump. This value is estimated by neglecting all of the friction head losses outside the loop of the piping system. Â · Examine the effectiveness of the pump. The performance curves based on the ethylene glycol solution will be compared to those developed using water as the base to examine the effect, if any, the viscosity and density of the liquid has on the pump. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP A process flow diagram of the pump system is shown in Figure 1. The main components of the system are a centrifugal pump with a 4Â ½-inch impeller, a 2-horsepower motor, a piping system with an effective length of about 285 feet, a rotameter for low liquid flow rates (0-2 gpm), a magnetic flow meter for high liquid flow rates (0-90 gpm), and a tank.

Chicago Referencing

Chicago Author-Date Referencing 2007 The Chicago Author-Date referencing style has two basic systems of documentation. There is the humanities style (which can also be known as the footnote and endnote or the notes and bibliography style), as well as the au- thor-date style. This guide follows the author-date system of referencing. This involves citations within the text cor- responding to a full bibliographic entry in the reference list at the end of the document. The in-text citations include the author’s last name, followed by the date of publication in parentheses.The bibliographic entry in the reference list includes all the other necessary publication information. When using EndNote, it is recommended that the style system to use is Chicago Curtin 2007. Note: this page is only an introduction to the Chicago Author-Date referencing system. Curtin University Library provides a modified version of the author-date system presented in: The Chicago manual of style. 2003. 15th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. How to cite references: Chicago style. 2006. http://wwwlib. murdoch. edu. au/find/citation/chicago. htmlIt is very important that you check your department or school's assignment guide as some details, eg. punctuation, may vary from the guidelines on this page. You may be penalised for not conforming to your school's requirements. The information and examples contained on this page are chiefly derived from the above sources. What is Referencing? Referencing is a standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have used in your assignment in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Direct quotations, facts and figures, as well as ideas and theories, from both published and unpublished works must be referenced.There are many acceptable forms of referencing. This information sheet provides a brief guide to the Chicago Author-Date referencing style. Within the text of the assignment the author’s name is given first, followed by the publication date. A reference list at the end of the assignment contains the full details of all the in-text citations. Why Reference? Referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, and to enable readers to follow-up and read more fully the cited author’s arguments. Steps Involved in Referencing 1.Note down the full bibliographic details including the page number(s) from which the information is taken. In the case of a book, ‘bibliographical details’ refers to: author/editor, year of publication, title, edition, volume number, place of publication and publisher as found on the front and back of the title page. (Not all of these details will necessarily be applicable). In the case of a journal article, the details required include: author of the article, year of publication, title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number of the journal, and page numbers.For all electronic information, in ad dition to the above you should note the date that you accessed the information, and database name or web address (URL). 2. Insert the citation at the appropriate place within the text of the document (see examples below). 3. Provide a reference list at the end of the document (see examples below). In-Text Citations Use the name of the author, followed by the year of publication when citing references within the text of an assignment. Where authors of different references have the same family name, include the author’s initials in the in-text citation i. . (Hamilton, C. L. 1994) or C. L. Hamilton (1994). If two or more authors are cited at the same point in the text then they are included in the same in-text citation, separated by a semicolon e. g. (Brown 1991; Smith 2003). They are presented alphabetically by author. When directly quoting from another source, the relevant page number must be given and quotation marks placed around the quote. When paraphrasing or referring to an idea from another source which is a book or lengthy text, include the relevant page number, as this might be useful to the reader. How to Create a Reference ListIn general, page numbers should be included in all in-text citations, as many schools insist on this practice. A reference list only includes books, articles etc that are cited in the text. A bibliography is a list containing the sources used in developing a publication and other sources the author considers might be of use or interest to the reader. The reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. Where an item has no author it is cited by its title, and ordered in the reference list or bibliography alphabetically by the first significant word of the title. The Chicago style requires the second and subsequent lines of the reference o be indented, as shown in the examples below, to highlight the alphabetical order. 2 Examples of Referencing Books| In-Text Example| Reference List Example| EndNote X (which reference type? )| Single author| ‘The theory was first propounded in 1982’ (Horwood 1982, 65)OR‘Horwood (1982, 65) claimed that†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢| Horwood, J. 1982. Comfort. London: Unwin Paperbacks. | Book| 2 or 3 authors| (Madden and Hogan 1997, 22)ORMadden and Hogan (1997, 22) dis- cuss this idea†¦OR(Jones, Madding and Davis 1998, 34)| Madden, R. , and T. Hogan. 1997. The definition ofdisability in Australia: Moving towards national consistency.Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and WelfareORJones, J. , M. Madding, and B. Davis. 1998. How to ride a pony. Sydney: Australian Aquarian Press. | Book| More than 3 authors| (Leeder et al. 1996, 2)| Leeder, S. R. , A. J. Dobson, R. Gibbers, N. R. Patel, P. S. Mathews, D. A. Williams, and D. Mariot. 1996. TheAustralian film industry. Adelaide: Dominion Press. | Book| Unknown authorshipor anonymous works| (Advertising in the Western Cape1990, 74). | Advertising in the Western Cape. 1990. Cape Town: ABC Publishers. | Book | Multiple works bysame author| ‘University research (Brown 1982, 1988) has indicated that†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢| Brown, P. 982. Corals in the Capricorn group. Rock- hampton: Central Queensland University. Brown, P. 1988. The effects of anchor on corals. Rockhampton: Central Queensland University. Order chronologically in the reference list. | Book| 3 of 11 Multiple workspublished in the same year by the same Author| ‘In recent reports (Napier 1993a, 55)†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Use a/b etc. to differentiate between works in same year. | Napier, A. 1993a. Fatal storm. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. Napier, A. 1993b. Survival at sea. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. Order alphabetically by title in the reference list. | Book| Editor| Kastenbaum 1993, 91-2)| Kastenbaum, R. , ed. 1993. Adult development. Phoe- nix: Oryx Press. | Edited Book| Different Editions| Neil Renton (2004, 75) suggests that†¦| Renton, N. 2004. Compendium of good writing. 3rd ed. Milton: John Wiley & Sons. An edition number is plac ed after the title of the work – this is not necessary for a first edition. | Book(put 3rd in Edition). | No date| (Housley [2006? ])OR(Housley n. d. )| Housley, N. [2006? ]. Contesting the crusades. Malden, MA: Blackwell. ORHousley, N. n. d. Contesting the crusades. Malden, MA: Blackwell. | Book(put [2006? ] or n. d. in Year). Encyclopedia/ Dictionary| ‘In the section on Sleepwalking in the Encyclopedia of Sleep andDreaming (Mahowald 1993, 578)’| Entries in an encyclopedia or dictionary are not listed in the reference list. | Enter the in-text citation manually. | Article or chapter in a book| As discussed by Blaxter (1976, 120-35)†¦OR(Blaxter 1976, 120-35)| Blaxter, M. 1976. Social class and health inequalities In Equalities and inequalities in health, ed. C. Carter and J. Peel, 120-35. London: Academic Press. | Book Section| Article or chapter in a book – no author| (Solving the Y2K problem 1997, 23)| Solving the Y2K problem. 997. In Technology tod ay and tomorrow, ed. D. Bowd, 23-35. New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold. | Book Section| Brochure| (Research and Training Centre 2003)| Research and Training Centre on Independent Living. 2003. Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities [Brochure]. Melbourne: Research and Training Centre. The publisher’s name may be abbreviated if it is also the author. | BookType [Brochure] manually after the Title. | E-book| (Pettinger 2002)| Pettinger, R. 2002. Global organizations. Oxford: Capstone Publishing. http://www. netlibrary. com. dbgw. lis. curtin. edu. au/ Details. spx (accessed September 28, 2004). | Electronic Book(put September 28, 2004 in Date Accessed)| Thesis| (Jones 1998, 89)| Jones, F. 1998. The mechanism of Bayer residue flocculation. PhD diss. , Curtin University ofTechnology. http://adt. curtin. edu. au/theses/ available/adt-WCU20020610. 142909/ (accessedNovember 28, 2006). | Thesis(put PhD diss. in Thesis Type)| ConferenceProceeding| (Hill 2000, 112)| Hill, R. 2000. Proceedings of the Ninth Meeting of the International National Trust, March 3-5, 2000: TheNational Trust into the new millennium. Alice Springs, NT: Australian Council of NationalTrusts. http://search. informit. om. au. dbgw. lis. curtin. edu. au/search;rec=11;action= showCompleteRec (accessed November 29, 2006). | Conference Proceeding(put 2000 in Year of Conference, The National Trust into the new millenniumin Title Proceedings of the Ninth Meeting of the International National Trust in Conference Name, March 3-5 in Date,Alice Springs, NT in ConferenceLocation, Australian Council of National Trusts in Publisher). | Annual report of an organisation| (Department of Transport and Regional Services 2001)OR(Billabong International Ltd 2005)| Department of Transport and Regional Services. 2001. Annual report 2001-02. Canberra: DTRS.ORBillabong International Ltd. 2005. Annual report 2005 – brands. http://www. connect4. com. au. dbgw. lis. curtin. edu. au/produ cts/ar/index. html (accessed November 29, 2006). | Report(put DTRS in Institution)| Image in a book| The poster ‘Buy Australian Apples’ (Cowle and Walker 2005, 65)| Cowle, C. , and D. Walker. 2005. The art of apple branding [Image]. Hobart: Apples from Oz. | BookType [Image] manually after the title. | Print Journals| In-Text Example| Reference List Example| EndNote X (which reference type? )| Article| As mentioned by Wharton (1996, 8)| Wharton, N. 1996. Health and safety in outdoor activity centres.Journal of Adventure Educationand Outdoor Leadership 12 (1): 8-23. | Journal Article| Article – no author| ‘It’s a growing problem in the UK. ’ (Anorexia nervosa 1969, 17)| Anorexia nervosa. 1969. British Medical Journal 12 (2): 6-19. | Journal ArticleYou will need to edit the in-text citation for it to appear in italics. | Newspaper, feature ormagazine article| (Towers 2000, 3)| Towers, K. 2000. Doctor not at fault: Coroner. The Australian, Januar y 18. | Newspaper Article(put January 18 in Issue Date)| Newspaper, feature ormagazine article – no author| ‘The Sydney Morning Herald (21 Jan. 2000, 12) reported†¦. | Provide all the details in the in-text citation – no need for an entry in the reference list. | | Press release| †¦. ’in the press release on 1 March,BHP enters new era, Watersmith ex- plains†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢| Treated like an unpublished document. No need for an entry in the reference list. | You will need to enter the in-text citation manually. | Electronic Journals| In-Text Example| Reference List Example| EndNote X (which reference type? )| Full text from anelectronic database| (Madden 2002, 562)| Madden, G. 2002. Internet economics andpolicy: An Australian perspective. Economic Record 78 (2): 551-78. Informit Online. http:// search. nformit. com. au. dbgw. lis. curtin. edu. au/fullText;dn=200208736;res=APAFT (accessed October 16, 2003). | Journal Article(put Informit Onlin e in Name of Database, http://search. informit. com. audbgw. lis. curtin. edu. au/fullText;dn=200208736; res=APAFT in URL, October 16, 2003 in Access Date). | Full text from anelectronic database – no author| ‘The internet has had a huge impact on the Australianeconomy’ (Internet economics and policy 2002, 350)You will need to edit the in-text citation for it to appear in italics. | Internet economics and policy: An Australian perspective. 2002. Economic Record 78 (2): 551-78. Informit Online. ttp://search. informit. com. au. dbgw. lis. curtin. edu. au/fullText;dn=200208736;res=APAFT (accessed October 16, 2003). | Journal Article(put Informit Online in Name of Database, http://search. informit. com. au. dbgw. lis. curtin. edu. au/fullTextdn=20020 8736;res=APAFT in URL, October 16, 2003 in Access Date). | 6 of 11 Full text newspaper,newswire or magazine from an electronic database – no author| (Cup lifts Seven out of ratings blues 2006, 33)| Cup lifts Seven out of ratings blues. 2006. The Australian, November 13. Factiva. http://global. factiva. com. dbgw. lis. curtin. edu. au/ha/ default. aspx (accessed November 24, 2006). Newspaper Article(put November 13 in Issue Date,Factiva in Name of Database, http:// global. factiva. com. dbgw. lis. curtin. edu. au/ ha/default. aspx in URL, November 24, 2006 in Access Date). | Full text from the Internet| It was proposed by Byrne (2004, 2) that†¦| Byrne, A. 2004. The end of history: Censorship and libraries. The Australian Library Journal 53 (2). http://www. alia. org. au/publishing/alj/53. 2/full. text/ byrne. html (accessed November 13, 2004). | Journal Article(put http://www. alia. org. au/publishing/ alj/53. 2/full. text/byrne. html in URL). | Article from Curtin E- Reserve| (Andersen 2002, 343)| Andersen, J.A. 2002. Organizational design: Two lessons to learn before re-organizing. International Journal of Organizational Theory and Behavior 5 (3/4): 343. Curtin University Li-brary E-Re serve. http://edocs. lis. curtin. edu. au/eres_display. cgi? url=DC65012621. pdf (accessed November 24, 2006). | Journal Article(put Curtin University Library E-Reserve in Name of Database, http://edocs. lis. curtin. edu. au/eres_display. cgi? url=DC650 12621. pdf in URL, November 24, 2006 in Access Date). | Article from databaseon CD-ROM (BPO)| (La Rosa 1992, 58)| La Rosa, S. M. 1992. Marketing slays the downsizing dragon.Information Today 9 (3): 58-9. UMI Business Periodicals Ondisc (accessed November 24, 2006). | Journal Article(put UMI Business Periodicals Ondisc inURL). | Secondary Sources| In-Text Example| Reference List Example| EndNote X (which reference type? )| Book| (Lewis and Carini 1984)Cite the source the quotation is from. | Lewis, E. N. , and P. V. Carini. 1984. Nurse staffing and patient classification: strategies for success. Rockville, Md: Aspens Systems Corp. Quoted inG. A. Thibodeau and K. T. Patton, eds. , The hu- man body in health and disease (St Louis, Mo. : Mosby, 2002), 77. | Enter the in-text citation manually. | of 11 Journal Article| (Ebell 2006)| Patton, K. T. Neuralgia and headaches. Science 314 (December 2006): 2153-5. Ebell, M. H. 2006. Diagnosis of migraine headache. American Family Physician 74 (Dec. ): 2087-8. Quoted in Patton 2006, 2153. | Enter the in-text citation manually. | World Wide Web| In-Text Example| Reference List Example| EndNote X (which reference type? )| Document on WWW| ‘It’s essential you learn how to reference’ (Dawson et al. 2002). | Dawson, J. , L. Smith, K. Deubert and S. Grey-Smith. 2002. ‘S’ Trek 6: Referencing, not plagiarism. http://studytrekk. lis. curtin. edu. au/ (accessed October 31, 2002). Web Page| Document on WWW –No author| (Leafy seadragons and weedy seadragons 2001)| Leafy seadragons and weedy seadragons. 2001. http://www. windspeed. net. au/~jenny/seadragons/(accessed July 14, 2001). | Web Page| Document on WWW –No date| (Royal Institute of British Architects n. d. )| Royal Institute of British Architects. n. d. Shaping the future: Careers in architecture. http://www. careersinarchitecture. net/ (accessed May 31, 2005). | Web Page(put n. d. in Year)| Image on the web| The image of the bleached coral (Coral bleaching and massbleaching events 2002)| Coral bleaching and mass bleaching events [Image]. 002. http://www. gbrmpa. gov. au/corp_site/ info_services/science/bleaching (accessed September 2, 2005). | Web Page(type [Image] manually after the title of the image)| 8 of 11 Government Publications| In-Text Example| Reference List Example| EndNote X (which reference type? )| Act of Parliament| The Commonwealth’s Copyright Act 1968†¦[future references do not include date]| Legislation is included in a list of references only if it is important to an understanding of the work. Setthe list apart from the main body of the reference under the subheading ‘Legislation'. Essential elements: Short title Date (Jur isdiction) eg.Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth). If legislation is obtained from an electronic database, add a URL as forelectronic journal articles. | Enter in-text citation manually. | Cases| The State of New South Wales v. The Commonwealth (1915) 20 CLR54| Legal authorities are included in a list of references only if they are important to anunderstanding of the work. Set the list apart from the main body of the reference under thesubheading ‘Legal Authorities'. | Case(put 1915 in Year, The State of New South Wales v. The Commonwealth in Case Name, 20 in Reporter Volume, CLR in Reporter Abbreviation, 54 in Page Cited). Australian Bureau ofStatistics Bulletin| (Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999)| Australian Bureau of Statistics. 1999. Disability, ageing and carers: Summary of findings, Cat. no. 4430. 0. Canberra: ABS. | Report(put Cat. no. 4430. 0 in Accession Number, ABS in Institution). | Australian Bureau ofStatistics from AusStats| (Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999)| Aus tralian Bureau of Statistics. 1999. Disability, ageing and carers: Summary of findings, Cat. no. 4430. 0. Canberra: ABS. http://www. abs. gov. au/Ausstats/ [email  protected] nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/e4cb97884898ec4bca2569de00221c84!OpenDocument (accessed November 20, 2002). | Report| Census Information| (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001)| Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2001. Census ofpopulation and housing: B01 selected characteristics (First release processing) postal area 6050. http://www8. abs. gov. au/ABSNavigation/ prenav/ViewData&action=404&documentproductno=POA6050&documenttype =Details&tabname=Details&areacode=POA6050&issue=2001& producttype=Community20Profiles&&producttype= Community20Profiles&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=LPD&#Basic%20Community%20Profile (accessed November 20, 2002). | Report| of 11 Government Report| (Resource Assessment Commission 1991)| Australia. Resource Assessment Commission. 1991. Forest and t imber inquiry: Draft report. Volume 1. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. | Report(put Australia. Resource Assessment Commission in Author, Forest and timber inquiry: Draft report in Title, Volume 1 in Accession Number, Australian Government Publishing Service in Institution). | Patent| (Cookson 1985)| Cookson, A. H. 1985. Particle trap for compressed gas insulated transmission systems. US Patent4,554,399, filed Nov. 28, 1985, and issued Feb. 11, 1988. | Patent(put Cookson, A.H. in Inventor, US inCountry, Patent 4,554,399 inPatent Number, Nov. 28 1985 in Date, Feb. 11 1988 in Issue Date). | Standard| (Standards Australia 1997)| Standards Australia. 1997. Size coding scheme for infants’ and children’s clothing – underwear andouterwear. AS 1182-1997. Standards Australia Online. http://www. saiglobal. com. dbgw. lis. curtin. edu. au/online/autologin. asp (accessedJanuary 10, 2006). | Report(put AS 1182-1997 in Accession Number| Other Sources| In-Te xt Example| Reference List Example| EndNote X (which reference type? )| Personalcommunication, e-mail and discussion lists with no web archive. ‘It was confirmed that an outbreak occurred in London in 1999’ (S. Savieri, pers. comm. ). | Not included in the reference list. | Enter in-text citation manually. | UnpublishedInterviews| (Campbell 2006, 2)| Campbell, B. 2006. Interview by A. Bond. Tape recording. December 1. CurtinUniversity of Technology, Perth. | Personal Communication(put Campbell, Billie in Author, Interview with Andrea Bond in Title, Tape recording in Description, December 1 in Date, Curtin University of Technology in Publisher, Perth in City). | Films and videorecordings| (Grumpy meets the orchestra 1992)| Grumpy meets the orchestra. 992. DVD. Written and directed by G. Smithson. Melbourne:Australian Broadcasting Corporation. | Film or Broadcast(put DVD in Format, Written and directed by George Smithson in Credits, Melbourne in Country, Australian Broadc asting Corporation in Distributor). | 10 of 11 Television and radioprogrammes| (What are we going to do with the money? 1997)| What are we going to do with the money? 1997. television program. Sydney: SBS Television, 8August. | Film or Broadcast(put television program in Format, Sydney in Country, SBS Television in Distributor, 8 August in Date Released). Podcasts| (The wings of a butterfly –children, teenagers and anxiety2005)| The wings of a butterfly – children, teenagers and anxiety. 2005. podcast radio program. Sydney:ABC Radio National, 10 September. http:// www. abc. net. au/podcast/default. htm#mind (accessed September 16,2005). | Film or Broadcast(put podcast radio program in Format, Sydney in Country, ABC Radio National in Distributor, 10 September in Date Released, September 16, 2005 in Access Date). | CD-ROMS| (Kingsley 1998)| Kingsley, S. 1998. Dr Brain thinking games. Torrance, California: Knowledge Adventure Inc.CD-ROM. | Computer Program(put Kingsley, S . in Programmer, Torrance, California in City, Knowledge Adventure Inc. in Publisher, CD-ROM in Type). | ERIC document (microfiche)| Davis and Lombardi (1996)put forward the proposal that†¦| Davis, R. K. & T. P. Lombardi. 1996. The quality of life of rural high school special education graduates. In Rural goals 2000: Building programs that work. microfiche. ERIC Document No. 394765. | Generic(put Rural goals 2000: Building programs that work in Secondary Title, microfiche in Type of Work, ERIC Document No. 94765 in Publisher). | E-mail discussion list– web archive| According to John Little’s post on the ECPOLICY discussion list onApril 16, 2002 (http:// www. askeric. org/Virtual_Listserv_Archives/ECPOLICY/2002/Apr_2002/Msg00003. html), it was determined that†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦| Provide all the details in the in-text citation – no need for an entry in the reference list. | Enter the in-text citation manually. | It is very important that you check your department' s or school’s assignment guide as some details e. g. punctuation, may vary from guidelines on this